公众号：尤而小屋
作者：Peter
编辑：Peter
大家好，我是Peter~
LaTeX是一种标记语言，主要用于创建高质量的学术文档，特别是数学、物理和计算机科学领域的文档。它基于TeX排版系统，由美国数学家Donald E. Knuth开发。在LaTeX中，你可以轻松地编写复杂的数学公式，并控制文档的布局和样式。
本文整理了丰富的数学公式编写过程中涉及到的的各种符号，建议收藏直接使用~
两种方式在LaTeX中编辑数学公式的两种表现形式：
行内：使用一对公式部分 即可，比如勾股定理的公式：a^2 +b^2=c^2 行外：使用两对$公式部分$ ，勾股定理$a^2 +b^2=c^2$ 会单独占据一行常用希腊字母 Greek alphabet希腊字母是希腊语所使用的字母，也广泛用于数学、物理、生物、化学、天文等学科。它是世界上最早拥有表示元音音位的字母的书写系统
序号
小写
LaTeX
读音
序号
大写
LaTeX
读音
1
α
\alpha
/ˈælfə/
22
σ
\sigma
/ˈsɪɡmə/
2
β
\beta
/ˈbiːtə/, US: /ˈbeɪtə/
23
ς
\varsigma
/ˈsɪɡmə/
3
γ
\gamma
/ˈɡæmə/
24
τ
\tau
/taʊ, tɔː/
4
δ
\delta
/ˈdɛltə/
25
υ
\upsilon
/ˈʌpsɪlɒn/
5
ϵ
\epsilon
/ˈɛpsɪlɒn/
26
ϕ
\phi
/faɪ/
6
ε
\varepsilon
/ˈɛpsɪlɒn/
27
φ
\varphi
/faɪ/
7
ζ
\zeta
/ˈzeɪtə/
28
χ
\chi
/kaɪ/
8
η
\eta
/ˈeɪtə/
29
ψ
\psi
/psaɪ/
9
θ
\theta
/ˈθiːtə/
30
ω
\omega
/oʊˈmeɪɡə/
10
ϑ
\vartheta
/ˈθiːtə/
31
Γ
\Gamma
/ˈɡæmə/
11
ι
\iota
/aɪˈoʊtə/
32
Δ
\Delta
/ˈdɛltə/
12
κ
\kappa
/ˈkæpə/
33
Θ
\Theta
/ˈθiːtə/
13
λ
\lambda
/ˈlæmdə/
34
Λ
\Lambda
/ˈlæmdə/
14
μ
\mu
/mjuː/
35
Ξ
\Xi
/zaɪ, ksaɪ/
15
ν
\nu
/njuː/
36
Π
\Pi
/paɪ/
16
ξ
\xi
/zaɪ, ksaɪ/
37
Σ
\Sigma
/ˈsɪɡmə/
17
o
o
/ˈɒmɪkrɒn/
38
Υ
\Upsilon
/ˈʌpsɪlɒn/
18
π
\pi
/paɪ/
39
Φ
\Phi
/faɪ/
19
ϖ
\varpi
/paɪ/
40
Ψ
\Psi
/psaɪ/
20
ρ
\rho
/roʊ/
41
Ω
\Omega
/oʊˈmeɪɡə/
21
ϱ
\varrho
/roʊ/
常用希伯来字母Hebrew alphabet序号
图标
LaTeX
英文
1
ℵ
\aleph
aleph
2
ℶ
\beth
beth
3
ℷ
\gimel
gimel
4
ℸ
\daleth
daleth
在Typora中使用markdown编写LaTex符号的效果：
$\pi、\zeta、\pi、\varrho、\aleph$
源码为：
代码语言：python复制$\pi、\zeta、\pi、\varrho、\aleph$ # 一对$$二元运算符 Binary operations常用的二元运算符
序号
图标
LaTeX
序号
图标
LaTeX
1
20
∙
\bullet
2
−
21
⊕
\oplus
3
×
\times
22
⊖
\ominus
4
$\div$
\div (在physics扩展开启状态下为)
23
⊙
\odot
5
±
\pm
24
⊘
\oslash
6
∓
\mp
25
⊗
\otimes
7
◃
\triangleleft
26
◯
\bigcirc
8
▹
\triangleright
27
⋄
\diamond
9
⋅
\cdot
28
⊎
\uplus
10
∖
\setminus
29
△
\bigtriangleup
11
⋆
\star
30
▽
\bigtriangledown
12
∗
\ast
31
⊲
\lhd
13
∪
\cup
32
⊳
\rhd
14
∩
\cap
33
⊴
\unlhd
15
⊔
\sqcup
34
⊵
\unrhd
16
⊓
\sqcap
35
⨿
\amalg
17
∨
\vee
36
≀
\wr
18
∧
\wedge
37
†
\dagger
19
∘
\circ
38
‡
\ddagger
二元关系符 Binary relations常见的二元关系符：
序号
图标
LaTeX
序号
图标
LaTeX
1
=
=
49
⪈
\gneq
2
≠
\ne
50
≧
\geqq
3
≠
\neq
51
≱
\ngeq
4
≡
\equiv
52
≱
\ngeqq
5
≢
\not\equiv
53
≩
\gneqq
6
≐
\doteq
54
≩
\gvertneqq
7
≑
\doteqdot
55
≶
\lessgtr
8
$\stackrel{\mathrm{dff}}{=}$
\stackrel{\mathrm{dff}}{=}
56
⋚
\lesseqgtr
9
:=
:=
57
⪋
\lesseqqgtr
10
∼
\sim
58
≷
\gtrless
11
≁
\nsim
59
⋛
\gtreqless
12
∽
\backsim
60
⪌
\gtreqqless
13
∼
\thicksim
61
⩽
\leqslant
14
≃
\simeq
62
⪇
\nleqslant
15
⋍
\backsimeq
63
⪕
\eqslantless
16
≂
\eqsim
64
⩾
\geqslant
17
≅
\cong
65
⪈
\ngeqslant
18
≇
\ncong
66
⪖
\eqslantgtr
19
≈
\approx
67
≲
\lesssim
20
≈
\thickapprox
68
⋦
\lnsim
21
≊
\approxeq
69
⪅
\lessapprox
22
≍
\asymp
70
⪉
\lnapprox
23
∝
\propto
71
≳
\gtrsim
24
∝
\varpropto
72
⋧
\gnsim
25
<< /td>
<
73
⪆
\gtrapprox
26
≮
\nless
74
⪊
\gnapprox
27
≪
\ll
75
≺
\prec
28
≪̸
\not\ll
76
⊀
\nprec
29
⋘
\lll
77
⪯
\preceq
30
⋘̸
\not\lll
78
⋠
\npreceq
31
⋖
\lessdot
79
⪵
\precneqq
32
80
≻
\succ
33
≯
\ngtr
81
⊁
\nsucc
34
≫
\gg
82
⪰
\succeq
35
≫̸
\not\gg
83
⋡
\nsucceq
36
⋙
\ggg
84
⪶
\succneqq
37
⋙̸
\not\ggg
85
≼
\preccurlyeq
38
⋗
\gtrdot
86
⋞
\curlyeqprec
39
≤
\le
87
≽
\succcurlyeq
40
≤
\leq
88
⋟
\curlyeqsucc
41
⪇
\lneq
89
≾
\precsim
42
≦
\leqq
90
⋨
\precnsim
43
≰
\nleq
91
⪷
\precapprox
44
≰
\nleqq
92
⪹
\precnapprox
45
≨
\lneqq
93
≿
\succsim
46
≨
\lvertneqq
94
⋩
\succnsim
47
≥
\ge
95
⪸
\succapprox
48
≥
\geq
96
⪺
\succnapprox
几何关系符号Geometric symbols常见的几何关系符号：
序号
图标
LaTeX
序号
图标
LaTeX
1
∥
\parallel
14
◊
\lozenge
2
∦
\nparallel
15
⧫
\blacklozenge
3
∥
\shortparallel
16
★
\bigstar
4
∦
\nshortparallel
17
◯
\bigcirc
5
⊥
\perp
18
△
\triangle
6
∠
\angle
19
△
\bigtriangleup
7
∢
\sphericalangle
20
▽
\bigtriangledown
8
∡
\measuredangle
21
△
\vartriangle
9
45∘
45^\circ
22
▽
\triangledown
10
◻
\Box
23
▴
\blacktriangle
11
◼
\blacksquare
24
▾
\blacktriangledown
12
⋄
\diamond
25
◂
\blacktriangleleft
13
◊
\Diamond \lozenge
26
▸
\blacktriangleright
逻辑符号 Logic symbols常用的逻辑关系运算符：
序号
图标
LaTeX
序号
图标
LaTeX
1
∀
\forall
20
¬
\neg
2
∃
\exists
21
R̸
\not\operatorname{R}
3
∄
\nexists
22
⊥
\bot
4
∴
\therefore
23
⊤
\top
5
∵
\because
24
⊢
\vdash
6
&
\And
25
⊣
\dashv
7
∨
\lor
26
⊨
\vDash
8
∨
\vee
27
⊩
\Vdash
9
⋎
\curlyvee
28
⊨
\models
10
⋁
\bigvee
29
⊪
\Vvdash
11
∧
\land
30
⊬
\nvdash
12
∧
\wedge
31
⊮
\nVdash
13
⋏
\curlywedge
32
⊭
\nvDash
14
⋀
\bigwedge
33
⊯
\nVDash
15
q¯
\bar{q}
34
⌜
\ulcorner
16
abc¯
\bar{abc}
35
⌝
\urcorner
17
q―
\overline{q}
36
⌞
\llcorner
18
abc―
\overline{abc}
37
⌟
\lrcorner
19
¬
\lnot
集合Sets集合相关的符号：空集、并集、子集、包含与被包含、存在于等各种符号
序号
图标
LaTeX
序号
图标
LaTeX
1
{}
{}
23
⊏
\sqsubset
2
∅
\emptyset
24
⊃
\supset
3
∅
\varnothing
25
⋑
\Supset
4
∈
\in
26
⊐
\sqsupset
5
∉
\notin
27
⊆
\subseteq
6
∋
\ni
28
⊈
\nsubseteq
7
∩
\cap
29
⊊
\subsetneq
8
⋒
\Cap
30
⊊
\varsubsetneq
9
⊓
\sqcap
31
⊑
\sqsubseteq
10
⋂
\bigcap
32
⊇
\supseteq
11
∪
\cup
33
⊉
\nsupseteq
12
⋓
\Cup
34
⊋
\supsetneq
13
⊔
\sqcup
35
⊋
\varsupsetneq
14
⋃
\bigcup
36
⊒
\sqsupseteq
15
⨆
\bigsqcup
37
⫅
\subseteqq
16
⊎
\uplus
38
⊈
\nsubseteqq
17
⨄
\biguplus
39
⫋
\subsetneqq
18
∖
\setminus
40
⫋
\varsubsetneqq
19
∖
\smallsetminus
41
⫆
\supseteqq
20
×
\times
42
⊉
\nsupseteqq
21
⊂
\subset
43
⫌
\supsetneqq
22
⋐
\Subset
44
⫌
\varsupsetneqq
箭头Arrows和箭头相关的各种符号：
序号
图标
LaTeX
序号
图标
LaTeX
1
⇛
\Rrightarrow
36
⟼
\longmapsto
2
⇚
\Lleftarrow
37
⇀
\rightharpoonup
3
⇒
\Rightarrow
38
⇁
\rightharpoondown
4
⇏
\nRightarrow
39
↼
\leftharpoonup
5
⟹
\Longrightarrow
40
↽
\leftharpoondown
6
⟹
\implies
41
↿
\upharpoonleft
7
⇐
\Leftarrow
42
↾
\upharpoonright
8
⇍
\nLeftarrow
43
⇃
\downharpoonleft
9
⟸
\Longleftarrow
44
⇂
\downharpoonright
10
⇔
\Leftrightarrow
45
⇌
\rightleftharpoons
11
⇎
\nLeftrightarrow
46
⇋
\leftrightharpoons
12
⟺
\Longleftrightarrow
47
↶
\curvearrowleft
13
⟺
\iff
48
↺
\circlearrowleft
14
⇑
\Uparrow
49
↰
\Lsh
15
⇓
\Downarrow
50
⇈
\upuparrows
16
⇕
\Updownarrow
51
⇉
\rightrightarrows
17
→
\rightarrow
52
⇄
\rightleftarrows
18
→
\to
53
↣
\rightarrowtail
19
↛
\nrightarrow
54
↬
\looparrowright
20
⟶
\longrightarrow
55
↷
\curvearrowright
21
←
\leftarrow
56
↻
\circlearrowright
22
←
\gets
57
↱
\Rsh
23
↚
\nleftarrow
58
⇊
\downdownarrows
24
⟵
\longleftarrow
59
⇇
\leftleftarrows
25
↔
\leftrightarrow
60
⇆
\leftrightarrows
26
↮
\nleftrightarrow
61
↢
\leftarrowtail
27
⟷
\longleftrightarrow
62
↫
\looparrowleft
28
↑
\uparrow
63
↪
\hookrightarrow
29
↓
\downarrow
64
↩
\hookleftarrow
30
↕
\updownarrow
65
⊸
\multimap
31
↗
\nearrow
66
↭
\leftrightsquigarrow
32
↙
\swarrow
67
⇝
\rightsquigarrow
33
↖
\nwarrow
68
↠
\twoheadrightarrow
34
↘
\searrow
69
↞
\twoheadleftarrow
35
↦
\mapsto
特殊关系符号其他少见的特殊符号：
序号
图标
LaTeX
序号
图标
LaTeX
1
∞
\infty
33
♭
\flat
2
ℵ
\aleph
34
♮
\natural
3
∁
\complement
35
♯
\sharp
4
∍
\backepsilon
36
╱
\diagup
5
ð
\eth
37
╲
\diagdown
6
Ⅎ
\Finv
38
⋅
\centerdot
7
ℏ
\hbar
39
⋉
\ltimes
8
Im
\Im
40
⋊
\rtimes
9
ı
\imath
41
⋋
\leftthreetimes
10
ȷ
\jmath
42
⋌
\rightthreetimes
11
𝕜k
\Bbbk
43
≖
\eqcirc
12
ℓ
\ell
44
≗
\circeq
13
℧
\mho
45
≜
\triangleq
14
℘
\wp
46
≏
\bumpeq
15
Re
\Re
47
≎
\Bumpeq
16
Ⓢ
\circledS
48
≑
\doteqdot
17
⨿
\amalg
49
≓
\risingdotseq
18
%
\%
50
≒
\fallingdotseq
19
†
\dagger
51
⊺
\intercal
20
‡
\ddagger
52
⊼
\barwedge
21
…
\ldots
53
⊻
\veebar
22
⋯
\cdots
54
⩞
\doublebarwedge
23
$\smile$
\smile
55
≬
\between
24
$\frown$
\frown
56
⋔
\pitchfork
25
≀
\wr
57
⊲
\vartriangleleft
26
◃
\triangleleft
58
⋪
\ntriangleleft
27
▹
\triangleright
59
⊳
\vartriangleright
28
♢
\diamondsuit
60
⋫
\ntriangleright
29
♡
\heartsuit
61
⊴
\trianglelefteq
30
♣
\clubsuit
62
⋬
\ntrianglelefteq
31
♠
\spadesuit
63
⊵
\trianglerighteq
32
⅁
\Game
64
⋭
\ntrianglerighteq
下面介绍和数学运算相关的符号：
分数Fractions编号
类型
样式
LaTeX
1
分数 Fractions
$\frac{2}{4}x=0.5x or {2 \over 4}x=0.5x$
\frac{2}{4}x=0.5x or {2 \over 4}x=0.5x
2
小型分数 Small fractions (force \textstyle)
$\tfrac{2}{4}x = 0.5x$
\tfrac{2}{4}x = 0.5x
3
大型分数（不嵌套） Large (normal) fractions (force \displaystyle)
$\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a$
\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a
4
大型分数（嵌套） Large (nested) fractions
$\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a$
\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a
5
约分线的使用 Cancellations in fractions
$\cfrac{x}{1 + \cfrac{\cancel{y}}{\cancel{y}}} = \cfrac{x}{2}$
\cfrac{x}{1 + \cfrac{\cancel{y}}{\cancel{y}}} = \cfrac{x}{2}
标准数值函数 Standard numerical functions编号
样式
LaTeX
1
$\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m$
\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m
2
$\ln c, \lg d = \log e, \log_{10} f$
\ln c, \lg d = \log e, \log_{10} f
3
$\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f$
\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f
4
$\arcsin a, \arccos b, \arctan c$
\arcsin a, \arccos b, \arctan c
5
$\operatorname{arccot} d, \operatorname{arcsec} e, \operatorname{arccsc} f$
\operatorname{arccot} d, \operatorname{arcsec} e, \operatorname{arccsc} f
6
$\sinh a, \cosh b, \tanh c, \coth d$
\sinh a, \cosh b, \tanh c, \coth d
7
$\operatorname{sh}k, \operatorname{ch}l, \operatorname{th}m, \operatorname{coth}n$
\operatorname{sh}k, \operatorname{ch}l, \operatorname{th}m, \operatorname{coth}n
8
$\operatorname{argsh}o, \operatorname{argch}p, \operatorname{argth}q$
\operatorname{argsh}o, \operatorname{argch}p, \operatorname{argth}q
9
$\operatorname{sgn}r, \left\vert s \right\vert$
\operatorname{sgn}r, \left\vert s \right\vert
10
$\min(x,y), \max(x,y)$
\min(x,y), \max(x,y)
根式符号 Radicals编号
样式
LaTeX
1
$\sqrt 4$
\sqrt 4
2
$\surd$
\surd
3
$\sqrt{\pi}$
\sqrt{\pi}
4
$\sqrtn{\pi}$
\sqrtn{\pi}
5
$\sqrt3{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}}$
\sqrt3{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}}
微分和导数 Differentials and derivatives编号
样式
LaTeX
1
dt,dt,∂t,∇ψ
dt, \mathrm{d}t, \partial t, \nabla\psi
2
$dy/dx, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x, \frac{dy}{dx}, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}, \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1\partial x_2}y$
dy/dx, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x, \frac{dy}{dx}, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}, \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1\partial x_2}y
3
$\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)}, \dot y, \ddot y$
\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)}, \dot y, \ddot y
同余与模算术 Modular arithmetic编号
样式
LaTeX
1
$s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}$
s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}
2
$a \bmod b$
a \bmod b
3
$\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n)$
\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n)
4
$\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid$
\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid
极限 Limits编号
样式
LaTeX
1
$\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n$
\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n
2
$\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n$
\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n
界限与投影 Bounds and Projections编号
样式
LaTeX
1
$\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t$
\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t
2
$\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w$
\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w
3
$\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi$
\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi
4
$\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z$
\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z
积分 Integral编号
样式
LaTeX
1
$\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx$
\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx
2
$\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx$
\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx
3
$\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x dx$
\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x dx
4
$\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x dx$
\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x dx
5
$\iint\limits_D dx\,dy$
\iint\limits_D dx\,dy
6
$\iiint\limits_E dx\,dy\,dz$
\iiint\limits_E dx\,dy\,dz
7
$\iiiint\limits_F dx\,dy\,dz\,dt$
\iiiint\limits_F dx\,dy\,dz\,dt
8
$\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy$
\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy
9
$\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy$
\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy
10
$\unicode{8751} \unicode{x222F}_C$
\unicode{8751} \unicode{x222F}_C
11
$\unicode{8752} \unicode{x2230}_C$
\unicode{8752} \unicode{x2230}_C
12
$\unicode{8753} \unicode{x2231}_c $
\unicode{8753} \unicode{x2231}_c
13
$ \unicode{8754} \unicode{x2232}_c $
\unicode{8754} \unicode{x2232}_c
14
$\unicode{8755} \unicode{x2233}_c$
\unicode{8755} \unicode{x2233}_c
最后3组图标的区别在于箭头的方向：
其他运算符号operators编号
类别
样式
LaTeX
1
求和 Summation
$\sum_{a}^{b}$
\sum_{a}^{b}
2
求和 Summation
$\textstyle \sum_{a}^{b}$
\textstyle \sum_{a}^{b}
3
连乘积 Product
$\prod_{a}^{b}$
\prod_{a}^{b}
4
连乘积 Product
$\textstyle \prod_{a}^{b}$
\textstyle \prod_{a}^{b}
5
余积 Coproduct
$\coprod_{a}^{b}$
\coprod_{a}^{b}
6
余积 Coproduct
$\textstyle \coprod_{a}^{b}$
\textstyle \coprod_{a}^{b}
7
并集 Union
$\bigcup_{a}^{b}$
\bigcup_{a}^{b}
8
并集 Union
$\textstyle \bigcup_{a}^{b}$
\textstyle \bigcup_{a}^{b}
9
交集 Intersection
$\bigcap_{a}^{b}$
\bigcap_{a}^{b}
10
交集 Intersection
$\textstyle \bigcap_{a}^{b}$
\textstyle \bigcap_{a}^{b}
11
析取 Disjunction
$\bigvee_{a}^{b}$
\bigvee_{a}^{b}
12
析取 Disjunction
$\textstyle \bigvee_{a}^{b}$
\textstyle \bigvee_{a}^{b}
13
合取 Conjunction
$\bigwedge_{a}^{b}$
\bigwedge_{a}^{b}
14
合取 Conjunction
$\textstyle \bigwedge_{a}^{b}$
\textstyle \bigwedge_{a}^{b}
上下标Sub & Super编号
类型
样式
代码
1
上标 Superscript
$a^2, a^{x+3}$
a^2, a^{x+3}
2
下标 Subscript
$a_2$
a_2
3
组合1 Grouping
$10^{30} a^{2+2}$
10^{30} a^{2+2}
4
组合2 Grouping
$a{i,j} b{f'}$
a_{i,j} b_{f'}
5
上下标混合1 Combining sub & super
$x_2^3$
x_2^3
6
上下标混合2 Combining sub & super
${x_2}^3$
{x_2}^3
7
上标的上标 Super super
$10^{10^{8}}$
10\^{10^{8}}
8
混合标识1 Preceding and/or additional sub & super
$\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}X_a^b$
\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}X_a^b
9
混合标识2 Preceding and/or additional sub & super
${}_1^2!\Omega_3^4$
{}_1\^2!\Omega_3^4
10
顶标底标1 Stacking
$\overset{\alpha}{\omega}$
\overset{\alpha}{\omega}
11
顶标底标2 Stacking
$\underset{\alpha}{\omega}$
\underset{\alpha}{\omega}
12
顶标底标3 Stacking
$\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}$
\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}
13
顶标底标4 Stacking
$\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}$
\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}
14
导数1 Derivatives
$x', y'', f', f''$
x', y'', f', f''
15
导数2 Derivatives
$x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}$
x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}
16
导数 Derivative dots
$\dot{x}, \ddot{x}$
\dot{x}, \ddot{x}
17
下划线、上划线与向量1 Underlines, overlines, vectors
$\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c$
\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c
18
下划线、上划线与向量2 Underlines, overlines, vectors
$\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}$
\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}
19
下划线、上划线与向量3 Underlines, overlines, vectors
$\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}$
\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}
20
弧度 Arc (workaround)
$\overset{\frown} {AB}$
\overset{\frown} {AB}
21
箭头 Arrows
$A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrowT{n\pm i-1} C$
A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrowT{n\pm i-1} C
22
大括号 Overbraces
$\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}$
\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}
23
底部大括号 Underbraces
$\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}$
\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}
24
求和运算 Sum
$\sum_{k=1}^N k^2$
\sum_{k=1}^N k^2
25
文本模式下的求和运算 Sum (force \textstyle)
$\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2$
\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2
26
分式中的求和运算1 Sum in a fraction (default \textstyle)
$\frac{\sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}$
\frac{\sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}
27
分式中的求和运算2 Sum in a fraction (force \displaystyle)
$\frac{\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}$
\frac{\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}
28
分式中的求和运算3 Sum in a fraction (alternative limits style)
$\frac{\sum\limits{N}_{k=1} k^2}{a}$
\frac{\sum\limits{N}_{k=1} k^2}{a}
29
乘积运算 Product
$\prod_{i=1}^N x_i$
\prod_{i=1}^N x_i
30
乘积运算 Product (force \textstyle)
$\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i$
\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i
31
副乘运算 Coproduct
$\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i$
\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i
32
副乘运算 Coproduct (force \textstyle)
$\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i$
\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i
33
极限 Limit
$\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n$
\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n
34
极限 Limit (force \textstyle)
$\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n$
\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n
35
积分 Integral
$\int\limits_{1}{3}\frac{e3/x}{x^2}\, dx$
\int\limits_{1}{3}\frac{e3/x}{x^2}\, dx
36
积分 Integral (alternative limits style)
$\int_{1}{3}\frac{e3/x}{x^2}\, dx$
\int_{1}{3}\frac{e3/x}{x^2}\, dx
37
积分 Integral (force \textstyle)
$\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x dx$
\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x dx
38
积分 Integral (force \textstyle, alternative limits style)
$\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x dx$
\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x dx
39
双重积分 Double integral
$\iint\limits_D dx\,dy$
\iint\limits_D dx\,dy
40
三重积分 Triple integral
$\iiint\limits_E dx\,dy\,dz$
\iiint\limits_E dx\,dy\,dz
41
四重积分 Quadruple integral
$\iiiint\limits_F dx\,dy\,dz\,dt$
\iiiint\limits_F dx\,dy\,dz\,dt
42
路径积分 Line or path integral
$\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy$
\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy
43
环路积分 Closed line or path integral
$\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy$
\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy
44
交集 Intersections
$\bigcap_{i=1}^n E_i$
\bigcap_{i=1}^n E_i
45
并集 Unions
$\bigcup_{i=1}^n E_i$
\bigcup_{i=1}^n E_i
矩阵与多行列式 Matrices & Multilines编号
类型
样式
LaTeX
1
二项式系数 Binomial coefficients
$\binom{n}{k}$
\binom{n}{k}
2
小型二项式系数 Small binomial coefficients (force \textstyle)
$\tbinom{n}{k}$
\tbinom{n}{k}
3
大型二项式系数 Large (normal) binomial coefficients (force \displaystyle)
$\dbinom{n}{k}$
\dbinom{n}{k}
4
矩阵1 Matrices
$\begin{matrix} x & y \ z & v \end{matrix}$
\begin{matrix} x & y \ z & v \end{matrix}
5
矩阵2 Matrices
$\begin{vmatrix} x & y \ z & v \end{vmatrix}$
\begin{vmatrix} x & y \ z & v \end{vmatrix}
6
矩阵3 Matrices
$\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \ z & v \end{Vmatrix}$
\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \ z & v \end{Vmatrix}
7
矩阵4 Matrices
$\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \ 0 & \cdots & 0 \end{bmatrix}$
\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \ 0 & \cdots & 0 \end{bmatrix}
8
矩阵5 Matrices
$\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \ z & v \end{Bmatrix}$
\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \ z & v \end{Bmatrix}
9
矩阵6 Matrices
$\begin{pmatrix} x & y \ z & v \end{pmatrix}$
\begin{pmatrix} x & y \ z & v \end{pmatrix}
10
矩阵7 Matrices
$\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \bigr)$
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
a&b\
c&d
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
11
条件定义 Case distinctions
$f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \ 3n+1, & \text{if }n\text{ is odd} \end{cases}$
f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \ 3n+1, & \text{if }n\text{ is odd} \end{cases}
12
多行等式1 Multiline equations
$\begin{align} f(x) & = (a+b)^2\ & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \end{align}$
\begin{align} f(x) & = (a+b)^2\ & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \end{align}
13
多行等式2 Multiline equations
$\begin{alignat}{2} f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \ & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \end{alignat}$
\begin{alignat}{2} f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \ & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \end{alignat}
14
多行等式3 Multiline equations
$\begin{array}{lcl} z & = & a \ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}$
\begin{array}{lcl} z & = & a \ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}
15
多行等式4 Multiline equations
$\begin{array}{lcr} z & = & a \ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}$
$\begin{array}{lcr} z & = & a \ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}
16
方程组 Simultaneous equations
$\begin{cases} 3x + 5y + z \ 7x - 2y + 4z \ -6x + 3y + 2z \end{cases}$
\begin{cases} 3x + 5y + z \ 7x - 2y + 4z \ -6x + 3y + 2z \end{cases}
17
数组 Arrays
$\begin{array}{
c
c
c
} a & b & S \ \hline 0 & 0 & 1 \ 0 & 1 & 1 \ 1 & 0 & 1 \ 1 & 1 & 0 \end{array}$
\begin{array}{ | c | c | c | } a & b & S \ \hline 0 & 0 & 1 \ 0 & 1 & 1 \ 1 & 0 & 1 \ 1 & 1 & 0 \end{array}
括号Brackets编号
类型
样式
LaTeX
1
圆括号、小括号 Parentheses
$\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )$
\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )
2
方括号、中括号 Brackets
$\left \frac{a}{b} \right \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack$
\left \frac{a}{b} \right \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack
3
花括号、大括号 Braces
$\left { \frac{a}{b} \right } \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace$
\left { \frac{a}{b} \right } \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace
4
角括号 Angle brackets
$\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle$
\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle
5
单竖线和双竖线 Bars and double bars
$
\frac{a}{b}
\frac{c}{d}
$
|\frac{a}{b}| ||\frac{c}{d}||
6
取整函数与取顶函数 Floor and ceiling functions:
$\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \quad \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil$
\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \quad \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil
7
斜线与反斜线 Slashes and backslashes
$\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash$
\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash
8
上下箭头 Up, down, and up-down arrows
$\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow$
\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow
9
混合括号 Delimiters can be mixed,as long as \left and \right match
$\left [0,1 \right ) \left \langle \psi \right
$
\left [ 0,1 \right ) \left \langle \psi \right |
10
单侧括号，使用\left. 和 \right.（带有英文句号）
$\left. \frac{A}{B} \right } \to X$
\left. \frac{A}{B} \right } \to X
11
括号的大小1
$( \bigl( \Bigl( \biggl( \Biggl( \dots \Biggr] \biggr] \Bigr] \bigr] ]$
( \bigl( \Bigl( \biggl( \Biggl( \dots \Biggr] \biggr] \Bigr] \bigr] ]
12
括号的大小2
$\lfloor \bigl\lfloor \Bigl\lfloor \biggl\lfloor \Biggl\lfloor \dots
\Biggr\rceil \biggr\rceil \Bigr\rceil \bigr\rceil \rceil$
\lfloor \bigl\lfloor \Bigl\lfloor \biggl\lfloor \Biggl\lfloor \dots
\Biggr\rceil \biggr\rceil \Bigr\rceil \bigr\rceil \rceil
13
括号的大小3
$\uparrow \big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots
\Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow \Downarrow$
\uparrow \big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots
\Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow \Downarrow
14
括号的大小4
$\updownarrow \big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots
\Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow \Updownarrow$
\updownarrow \big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots
\Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow \Updownarrow
15
括号的大小5
$/ \big/ \Big/ \bigg/ \Bigg/ \dots
\Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash \backslash$
/ \big/ \Big/ \bigg/ \Bigg/ \dots
\Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash \backslash
注意：在使用大括号的时候需要添加转义字符\{\}
空格与换行关于空格的使用可以参考下表。
编号
样式
LaTeX
中文说明英文说明
1
$a \qquad b$
a \qquad b
双空格
2
$a \quad b$
a \quad b
单空格
3
$a\ b$
a\ b
字符空格
4
$a \text{ } b$
a \text{ } b
文本模式中的字符空格
5
$a\;b$
a\;b
大空格
6
$a\,b$
a\,b
小空格
7
$ab$
ab
极小空格(用于乘因子)
8
$a b$
a b
极小空格(用于区分其它语法)
9
$\mathit{ab}$
\mathit{ab}
没有空格(用于多字母变量)
10
$a!b$
a\!b
负空格
关于换行，使用一对\\进行强制换行，看一个案例：
$$f(x,y) = a^2+b^2+2ab \ =(a+b)^2$$
实际源码为：
代码语言：python复制$$f(x,y) = a^2+b^2+2ab \\ =(a+b)^2$$